Ray Oldenburg (1932–2022) was an American urban sociologist best known for the concept of the “third place”—informal gathering spaces such as cafés, bars, and bookstores that foster civic life and social cohesion. His The Great Good Place (1989) argues that such environments are essential for democracy, community resilience, and urban vitality. The notion continues to inform urban and landscape design approaches to public space.
BASE is a France-based studio known for its out-of-the-box thinking and unexpected design choices, often introducing challenges that can be overcome through play. Encountering an obstacle in a public space—one that invites engagement and risk-taking—creates a tension that can lead to moments of joyful liberation. A key aspect of BASE’s approach is putting trust in […]
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