Ingo Kowarik is a German ecologist and professor of ecosystem science and plant ecology at the Technical University of Berlin. His research focuses on biodiversity, invasive species, and urban ecology, with particular attention to novel habitats in cities. He introduced the concept of “fourth nature,” describing spontaneous ecosystems in post-industrial and disturbed sites. Kowarik advises governmental and scientific bodies on conservation and landscape planning, and coordinates research networks on biological invasions. His work emphasizes the intersection of people, cities, and ecological processes in shaping urban nature.
When we speak of Nature in cities, the question we want to stress is, is nature in cities natural or in fact an artefact? When we speak of natural processes, they of course take place but apart from spontaneous nature, left to random succession, emerging in spaces that Gilles Clément calls the third landscapes, there […]
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